diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
index 39ab3ae4a5..d85df6c3cf 100644
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ $(if $(findstring $(space),$(TOPDIR)),$(error ERROR: The path to the OpenWrt dir
 
 world:
 
-DISTRO_PKG_CONFIG:=$(shell which -a pkg-config | grep -E '\/usr' | head -n 1)
+DISTRO_PKG_CONFIG:=$(shell $(TOPDIR)/scripts/command_all.sh pkg-config | grep -E '\/usr' | head -n 1)
 export PATH:=$(TOPDIR)/staging_dir/host/bin:$(PATH)
 
 ifneq ($(OPENWRT_BUILD),1)
diff --git a/include/bpf.mk b/include/bpf.mk
index ce30e24434..7d0cfbd76d 100644
--- a/include/bpf.mk
+++ b/include/bpf.mk
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ ifneq ($(CONFIG_USE_LLVM_HOST),)
   else
     BPF_PATH:=$(PATH)
   endif
-  CLANG:=$(firstword $(shell PATH='$(BPF_PATH)' which clang clang-13 clang-12 clang-11))
+  CLANG:=$(firstword $(shell PATH='$(BPF_PATH)' command -v clang clang-13 clang-12 clang-11))
   LLVM_VER:=$(subst clang,,$(notdir $(CLANG)))
 endif
 ifneq ($(CONFIG_USE_LLVM_PREBUILT),)
diff --git a/include/cmake.mk b/include/cmake.mk
index b9a7e36dee..9b169b0693 100644
--- a/include/cmake.mk
+++ b/include/cmake.mk
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ MAKE_PATH = $(firstword $(CMAKE_BINARY_SUBDIR) .)
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_EXTERNAL_TOOLCHAIN),)
   cmake_tool=$(TOOLCHAIN_DIR)/bin/$(1)
 else
-  cmake_tool=$(shell which $(1))
+  cmake_tool=$(shell command -v $(1))
 endif
 
 ifeq ($(CONFIG_CCACHE),)
diff --git a/include/prereq.mk b/include/prereq.mk
index 23d5ded9b2..0033535e78 100644
--- a/include/prereq.mk
+++ b/include/prereq.mk
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ endef
 
 define RequireCommand
   define Require/$(1)
-    which $(1)
+    command -v $(1)
   endef
 
   $$(eval $$(call Require,$(1),$(2)))
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ define SetupHostCommand
 	           $(call QuoteHostCommand,$(11)) $(call QuoteHostCommand,$(12)); do \
 		if [ -n "$$$$$$$$cmd" ]; then \
 			bin="$$$$$$$$(PATH="$(subst $(space),:,$(filter-out $(STAGING_DIR_HOST)/%,$(subst :,$(space),$(PATH))))" \
-				which "$$$$$$$${cmd%% *}")"; \
+				command -v "$$$$$$$${cmd%% *}")"; \
 			if [ -x "$$$$$$$$bin" ] && eval "$$$$$$$$cmd" >/dev/null 2>/dev/null; then \
 				mkdir -p "$(STAGING_DIR_HOST)/bin"; \
 				ln -sf "$$$$$$$$bin" "$(STAGING_DIR_HOST)/bin/$(strip $(1))"; \
diff --git a/scripts/command_all.sh b/scripts/command_all.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000000..452b66f092
--- /dev/null
+++ b/scripts/command_all.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+#! /bin/sh
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
+# Reduced version of which -a using command utility
+
+case $PATH in
+	(*[!:]:) PATH="$PATH:" ;;
+esac
+
+for ELEMENT in $(echo $PATH | tr ":" "\n"); do
+        PATH=$ELEMENT command -v "$@"
+done
diff --git a/scripts/download.pl b/scripts/download.pl
index 8e6463c007..ebb0d7af19 100755
--- a/scripts/download.pl
+++ b/scripts/download.pl
@@ -54,10 +54,8 @@ sub localmirrors {
 
 sub which($) {
 	my $prog = shift;
-	my $res = `which $prog`;
+	my $res = `command -v $prog`;
 	$res or return undef;
-	$res =~ /^no / and return undef;
-	$res =~ /not found/ and return undef;
 	return $res;
 }
 
diff --git a/scripts/feeds b/scripts/feeds
index bbfd832c45..f63b4f0951 100755
--- a/scripts/feeds
+++ b/scripts/feeds
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ chdir $ENV{TOPDIR};
 $ENV{GIT_CONFIG_PARAMETERS}="'core.autocrlf=false'";
 $ENV{GREP_OPTIONS}="";
 
-my $mk=`which gmake 2>/dev/null`;	# select the right 'make' program
+my $mk=`command -v gmake 2>/dev/null`;	# select the right 'make' program
 chomp($mk);		# trim trailing newline
 $mk or $mk = "make";	# default to 'make'
 
diff --git a/scripts/ubinize-image.sh b/scripts/ubinize-image.sh
index 0195695240..323eae547a 100755
--- a/scripts/ubinize-image.sh
+++ b/scripts/ubinize-image.sh
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ if [ ! -r "$rootfs" -a ! -r "$kernel" -a ! "$outfile" ]; then
 	exit 1
 fi
 
-ubinize="$( which ubinize )"
+ubinize="$( command -v ubinize )"
 if [ ! -x "$ubinize" ]; then
 	echo "ubinize tool not found or not usable"
 	exit 1
diff --git a/target/sdk/files/Makefile b/target/sdk/files/Makefile
index 2f89ce0cf8..a710ca5f51 100644
--- a/target/sdk/files/Makefile
+++ b/target/sdk/files/Makefile
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ export TOPDIR LC_ALL LANG SDK
 
 world:
 
-DISTRO_PKG_CONFIG:=$(shell which -a pkg-config | grep -E '\/usr' | head -n 1)
+DISTRO_PKG_CONFIG:=$(shell $(TOPDIR)/scripts/command_all.sh pkg-config | grep -E '\/usr' | head -n 1)
 export PATH:=$(TOPDIR)/staging_dir/host/bin:$(PATH)
 
 ifneq ($(OPENWRT_BUILD),1)